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Koans are very much a part of the Rinzai school of Zen, but of course can be found in all other spiritual traditions and in all aspects of life. In my training I have used koan study to great effect and now give many discourses based upon certain longer koans.
Here then is a selection of short koans from the Zen tradition, and two lesser known koans from the Theravada tradition.
Don't try to understand them intellectually, but rather keep one with you,
gently reflecting on the images and words until its truth finds you.


Zen Koans:
The master, pointing to a vase of cut flowers asks the disciple, "Are these flowers alive or dead?"

I am turning on the light, where does the darkness go?

Stop a galloping horse!

The master asked, "When you do not think good, and you do not think not good, where are you?"

A disciple asks the master Joshu, "Does a dog have a Buddha Nature?"
Joshu answers, "Mu." (Mu has the subtle meaning of 'no-thing').

Ummon asked his monks, "The world is such a wide world, why do you answer a bell and wear the ceremonial robes?"

A monk asks Joshu, "I have just entered the monastery, please teach me."
Joshu asks, "Have you eaten your porridge?" The monk replies "Yes."
Joshu says, "Then you had better wash your bowl."
With these words the monk was enlightened.

Shogen asked, "Why doesn't the enlightened man stand up and explain himself?"

Daibai asked Baso, "What is Buddha,"
Baso answered, "This mind is Buddha"

A disciple asked Baso, "What is Buddha,"
Baso answered, "This mind is not Buddha."

When a buffalo goes out of his enclosure to the edge of an abyss, his horns, his head and his hooves all pass through, but why can't the tail pass through also?

Hyakujo wished to send a monk to open a new monastery. He told his disciples that whoever answered a question most ably would be appointed. Placing a water vase on the floor he asked, "Who can say what this is without calling its name?"
The head monk said, "No-one can call it a wooden shoe."
Issan, the cook, tipped over the vase with his foot and walked out.
Hyakujo smiled and said, "The head monk looses."
Issan became the master of the new monastery.

A monk asked Joshu why Bodhidhamma came to China.
Joshu answered, "An oak tree in the garden."

Sekiso asked, "How can you proceed from the top of a hundred foot pole?"

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Theravada Koans:

I'm not the body, I'm not the mind, what am I?

The Buddha said, "There is suffering, but no-one who suffers, there is re-birth, but no-one who is reborn."